DescriptionKOREA, TONG GUK TONG BO, 1097 ADThe first Korean coins were imitations of Chinese Tang Dynasty coins. This Tong Guk (Eastern Country) coin is the third coin type.Early Korean coinage grew out of their observation of Chinese coinage. Both the Korean and the Chinese governments thought of Korea as a vassal state. When the Korean kingdom was organized they consciously and deliberately copied Chinese methods in everything they could think of to do in the way of deliberate culture. The first coin actually had the same year title as the contemporary Chinese coin, with a character designating Korea on the reverse, as if Korea was a province rather than a kingdom. The later Korean cast coinage is notable for a vast proliferation of reverse inscriptions, comprising thousands of varieties. My main reference is the book: Cast Korean Coins and Charms, by Wybrand Op Den Velde and David Hartill.China calls itself “Central Country.” That is in reference to the vast Asian hinterland that is not China, and to the island peoples out in the Pacific Ocean. Because China tended to do organizational things earliest in that part of the world, the outsiders would notice and adopt useful practices that they observed. Among those borrowed cultural practices was the adoption of the money economy to replace direct barter, or to replace less convenient shapes of metal, rings and tools and jewelry bits. The Chinese style of market money being square holed cast bronze coins, that became the form of the coins made in Korea, Japan, Vietnam, the islands out to Java, into Siberia and as far west as Kazakhstan.
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